Heavy Metals in PM10 Aerosols Over an Urban Industrial City
Pallavi Pradeep Khobragade1, Ajay Vikram Ahirwar2
1Pallavi Pradeep Khobragade, Research Scholar, Engineering on air pollution in Civil Engineering department, NIT Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
2Dr. Ajay Vikram Ahirwar, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering department, NIT Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Manuscript received on September 22, 2019. | Revised Manuscript received on October 20, 2019. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2019. | PP: 1402-1408 | Volume-9 Issue-1, October 2019 | Retrieval Number: A1225109119/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.A1225.109119
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: PM10 aerosols were monitored and analyzed for heavy metal concentration at Raipur city Chhattisgarh, India for possible source identification of pollutants. Sampling of PM10 aerosols was carried out by using respirable dust sampler during the year 2016. Daily PM10 average concentrations varied between 122.033 and 197.854 μg/m3, 91.350 and 133.950 μg/m3 and 112.770 and 480.170 μg/m3 in summer, monsoon and winter respectively. Chemical analysis of PM10 samples was carried out for heavy metal determination. Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were analyzed with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and found in the range of 2.713-36.862, 0.131-9.129. 0.880-4.195 and 0.015-0.321 μg/m3 for Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni respectively. PM10 concentrations shows distinct seasonal variation being twice in winter season than in summer; winter (mean: 241.820 ± 33.912 μg/m3) > summer (mean: 159.512 ± 14.360 μg/m3) > monsoon (mean: 107.480 ± 9.213 μg/m3). The concentration of heavy metal was different in all the seasons depending on their sources. Identification of possible sources was done by principal component analysis (PCA) illustrating industrial activities, soil (crustal) dust and biomass burning as the major sources in the region. The back trajectory analysis of the air masses depicts that the local anthropogenic activities affect the concentration of pollutants at the source. Correlation analysis between the heavy metal concentrations agreed the results obtained by PCA. The work helped in observing the seasonal trend of particulate matter concentrations and in identification of major sources of air pollution in the city.
Keywords: PM10, Heavy metals, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), principal component analysis (PCA), Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT).