Conference on Mechanical Engineering & Technology (COMET)-2018

Date of Conference: March 31- April 01 2018 | Organised by: Mechanical Engineering Society, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi (U.P), India.

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Paper Title:

Abstract: Cladding is an important manufacturing process where a layer of corrosion resistant material is deposited on another material to improve its corrosion resistance. Gas metal arc welding process was used to produce a cladding of copper on mild steel with some modification to incorporate two shielding gases (CO2 and Argon) to be able to perform cladding by Gas Metal Arc Welding Process. Such process has several applications including those in plane bearings and big electro-hydro- generator construction. The aim of this research is to study the improved clad quality of pure Copper to Mild Steel by optimising weld parameters of Gas Metal Arc Welding. From the cladded materials, (produced at different welding parameters) samples were prepared for mechanical and metallurgical testing. Copper- mild steel interface has been exposed through image-mapping and metallographic study. The relationship between weld parameters and bead sizes was also established. Experimental studies showed that copper can be cladded to mild steel (parent metal) with a good quality of bonding by gas metal arc welding.

Keywords: Gas Metal Arc Welding, Cladding, Copper, Mild Steel, Microstructure.

References:

1. Erdal Karadeniz, Ugur Ozsarac and Ceyhan Yildiz, “The effect of process parameters on penetration in gas metal arc welding processes”
2. Hu and H.L.Tsai,“Heat and mass transfer in gas metal arc welding. Part I: The arc”
3. Anthony T Zimmer, Paul A Baron and Pratim Biswas, “The influence of operating parameters on number-weighted aerosol size distribution generated from a gas metal arc welding process”
4. Hu and H.L.Tsai, “Heat and mass transfer in gas metal arc welding. Part II: The metal”
5. Praveen, P.K.D.V. Yarlagadda and M.J. Kang ,“Advancements in pulse gas metal arc welding”

1-4

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Paper Title:

Abstract: The objective of the paper is to obtain an optimal setting of turning process parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) resulting in an optimal value of the surface roughness and material removal rate while turning D3 tool steel TiC-coated tungsten carbide tool under wet condition. Taguchi L9 array has been used to design the experiments, the results are further analyzed using MCDM techniques named Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution TOPSIS and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to investigate the multi-optimization of response characteristics of D3 tool steel bars.

Keywords: TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, TAGUCHI, DOE

References:

1. Thakur, B. Ramamoorthy, and L. Vijayaraghavan, “Optimization of high speed turning parameters of superalloy Inconel 718 material using Taguchi technique,” Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 44–50, 2009.
2. Zuperl, F. Cus, and M. Milfelner, “Fuzzy control strategy for an adaptive force control in end-milling,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 164–165, pp. 1472–1478, 2005.
3. Singh and P. V. Rao, “A surface roughness prediction model for hard turning process,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 32, no. 11–12, pp. 1115–1124, 2007.
4. K. Garg, A. Manna, and A. Jain, “An Investigation on Machinability of Al/10 % ZrO2(P)-Metal Matrix Composite by WEDM and Parametric Optimization Using Desirability Function Approach,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 3251–3270, 2014.
5. O. Vkb, W. Ui, and U. U. Ë. U. U. U, “3 Q U . U U U U V .,” vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 6–6, 2014.
6. Thamizhmanii, S. Saparudin, and S. Hasan, “Analyses of surface roughness by turning process using Taguchi method,” J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng., vol. 20, no. 1–2, pp. 503–506, 2007.
7. Kanlayasiri and S. Boonmung, “Effects of wire-EDM machining variables on surface roughness of newly developed DC 53 die steel: Design of experiments and regression model,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 192–193, pp. 459–464, 2007.
8. P. Selvaraj and P. Chandramohan, “Optimization of Surface Roughness of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Dry Turning Operation using Taguchi Design Method,” J. Eng. Sci. Technol., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 293–301, 2010.
9. V. Rao, “Machinability evaluation of work materials using a combined multiple attribute decision-making method,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 28, no. 3–4, pp. 221–227, 2006.
10. Anand and R. Kodali, “Selection of lean manufacturing systems using the PROMETHEE,” J. Model. Manag., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 40–70, 2008.
11. Behzadian, R. B. Kazemzadeh, A. Albadvi, and M. Aghdasi, “PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 200, no. 1, pp. 198–215, 2010.
12. U. Araz, “A simulation based multi-criteria scheduling approach of dual-resource constrained manufacturing systems with neural networks,” Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics), vol. 3809 LNAI, pp. 1047–1052, 2005.
13. V. Rao and B. K. Patel, “Decision making in the manufacturing environment using an improved PROMETHEE method,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 48, no. 16, pp. 4665–4682, 2010.
14. L. Saaty, “Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process,” Int. J. Serv. Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 83, 2008.

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Abstract: Metal matrix composites are the new source of high potential characteristics in the aerospace, automobile, defence, and research industries. Among the various types, aluminium based composites owing to its light weight property along with excellent mechanical properties find applications in various sectors. This work aims to investigate aluminium based composites fabricated using industrial waste as reinforcements through liquid state fabrication process. The reinforcements consist of raw flyash from thermal powerplant and titanium dioxide (TiO2) while the base matrix was aluminium (AA4104). The composite was casted as bars of aluminium-flyash, aluminium-TiO2 and aluminium-flyash-TiO2 for the analysis of their mechanical and structural properties. Raw flyash was used as s a step forward towards reducing its ecological and physiological impact when it is left unused as an industrial waste. Currently, raw flyash generated by thermal power plants is only being utilized in composite bricks used in the construction of roads and footpaths. Even after use in composite bricks, 5% -10% of raw flyash gets wasted, which as can be reutilized as a reinforcement in aluminium-matrix composites. Titanium dioxide was added to the aluminium-matrix in order to enhance the strength and toughness of the base metal by retaining its unique properties and without any significant weight changes of the overall composite. The reinforcements were added by weight % based on the pervious literature available. This was followed by the mechanical testing of the fabricated composite and further analysis of obtained results. The result concluded the analysis by identifying the effect of both the reinforcements, individually and collectively, on the mechanical properties of the fabricated aluminium based composite and the underlying reasons for the new behavior of the composite.

Keywords: Stir Casting, Flyash, Titanium Dioxide, Tensile Strength, Compressibility. 

References:

1. Rohit Sharma, Saurabh Jha P, Khushboo Kakkar, Kushal Kamboj, Pardeep Sharma, “A review of the aluminium metal matrix composite and its properties,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, 2017, pp. 832-42.
2. Muruganandhan P., Dr. Eswaramoorthi M., “Aluminum composite with fly ash – a review,” Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 11, 2014, pp. 38-41.
3. Rama Koteswara Rao, J. Rangaraya Chowdary, A. Balaji, D. Sai Krishna, B. P. R. Bhavabhuthi, G. Sreevatsava, K. Abhiram, “A review on properties of aluminium based metal matrix composites via stir casting,” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 7, 2016, pp. 742-49.
4. Sharanabasappa R Patil, B. S Motgi, “A study on mechanical properties of fly ash and alumina reinforced aluminium alloy (LM25) composites,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 7, 2013, pp 41-46.
5. N. Ervina Efzan, N. Siti Syazwani, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of fly ash particulate reinforced in LM6 for energy enhancement in automotive applications,” International Conference on Innovative Research, 2016
6. Arun L. R, Dr. Suneel Kumar N. Kulkarni, Kuldeep B, “Characteristic studies on aluminium based silicon carbide and fly ash particulate metal matrix composite,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 2, 2013, pp 2303-06.
7. Thimmaiah A G, Muthanna K P, Abhishek M A, Guruprasad H S, Suhas K H, “Evaluation on mechanical properties of aluminum based metal matrix composite,” International Journal for Ignited Minds, Vol. 2, 2015, pp 73-77.
8. Siddesha S., T. D. Jagannath, Punith T. R., Rakshith N. S., “Effects of fabrication of aluminium 2024/ TiO2 metal matrix composite,” International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, Vol. 5, 2016, pp. 174-77.
9. Kumaravel, B. Mohan Raj, “Investigation of aluminium based composite material using fly ash,” International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol 2, 2017, pp. 72-76.
10. C. Anilkumar, H. S. Hebbar and K. S. Ravishankar, “Mechanical properties of fly ash reinforced aluminium alloy (Al 6061) composites,” International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Vol. 6, 2011, pp. 41-45.
11. Ajit Kumar Senapati, Purna Chandra Mishra, Bharat Chandra Routara, “Use of waste fly ash in fabrication of aluminium alloy matrix composite,” International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, 2014, pp. 905-12.
12. Angeliki Moutsatsou, Grigorios S. Itskos, Nikolaos Koukouzas, Panagiotis P. Vounatsos, “Metal matrix composites (MMCs) with lignite fly ash as reinforcement material,” World of Coal Conference, 2009.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: Remanufacturing is one of the most economical and efficient recycling processes in reverse logistics. It also satisfies the objectives of the closed loop supply chain with dynamic recovery of product with specifications nearly equal to the new product. This paper focuses the different parameters in the remanufacturing. The study of the different remanufacturing methodologies are carried out with consideration of their approaches and how they improve the remanufacturing efficiency of the product for the better recovery. Different case studies are analyzed to find out barriers in the remanufacturing. The literature shows that remanufacturing stands tall among the other recycling process as it gives more economical and ecological benefits.

Keywords: Remanufacturing, Reverse Logistics Management. 

References:

1. Krystofik, Mark, Allen Luccitti, Kyle Parnell, and Michael Thurston. "Adaptive remanufacturing for multiple lifecycles: A case study in office furniture." Resources, Conservation and Recycling(2017).
2. Charter, Martin, and Casper Gray. "Remanufacturing and product design: designing for the 7th generation." (2007).
3. Gallo, M., L. Guerra, and G. Guizzi. "Hybrid remanufacturing/manufacturing systems: Secondary markets issues and opportunities." WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics6, no. 1 (2009): 31-41.
4. Pishvaee, Mir Saman, and S. Ali Torabi. "A possibilistic programming approach for closed-loop supply chain network design under uncertainty." Fuzzy sets and systems161, no. 20 (2010): 2668-2683.
5. Stock, James R. Reverse logistics: White paper. Council of Logistics Management, 1992.
6. Rengel, Paloma, Christoph Seydl, Richard Gatarski, and Stig G. Johansson. "Completing the supply chain model." School of Business, Stockholm University Course Paper(2002).
7. Dande, Mangesh P. "A Study of Recycling in the Recovery Hierarchy of Reverse Logistics." Indira Management Review (IMR): 31.
8. Srivastava, Samir K. "Network design for reverse logistics." Omega36, no. 4 (2008): 535-548.
9. Harrington, Ryan. "Reverse logistics: Customer satisfaction, environment key to success in the 21st century." Reverse Logistics Magazine(2006): 14-15.
10. De Brito, Marisa P., Rommert Dekker, and Simme Douwe P. Flapper. "Reverse logistics: a review of case studies." In Distribution Logistics, pp. 243-281. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.
11. Kopicki, Ronald, Michael J. Berg, and Leslie Legg. "Reuse and recycling-reverse logistics opportunities." (1993).
12. Steinhilper, R. and Weiland, F., 2015. Exploring new Horizons for remanufacturing an up-to-date Overview of Industries, products and Technologies. Procedia CIRP, 29, pp.769-773
13. Johnson, Michael R., and Ian P. McCarthy. "Product recovery decisions within the context of Extended Producer Responsibility." Journal of Engineering and Technology Management34 (2014): 9-28.
14. Li, Jian, Weihao Du, Fengmei Yang, and Guowei Hua. "Evolutionary game analysis of remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain with asymmetric information." Sustainability6, no. 9 (2014): 6312-6324.
15. Statham, Steve. "Remanufacturing towards a more sustainable future." Electronics-enabled Products Knowledge-transfer Network(2006): 4.
16. Mitra, Subrata. "Revenue management for remanufactured products." Omega35, no. 5 (2007): 553-562.
17. Sundin, Erik. "Product and process design for successful remanufacturing." PhD diss., Linköping University Electronic Press, 2004.
18. Sharma, Vaishali, Suresh K. Garg, and P. B. Sharma. "Identification of major drivers and roadblocks for remanufacturing in India." Journal of cleaner production112 (2016): 1882-1892.
19. Subramoniam, Ramesh, Donald Huisingh, and Ratna Babu Chinnam. "Aftermarket remanufacturing strategic planning decision-making framework: theory & practice." Journal of Cleaner Production18, no. 16-17 (2010): 1575-1586.
20. Zhang, Tongzhu, Jiangwei Chu, Xueping Wang, Xianghai Liu, and Pengfei Cui. "Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China." Resources, Conservation and Recycling55, no. 6 (2011): 613-622.
21. Garvin, David A. Managing quality: The strategic and competitive edge. Simon and Schuster, 1988
22. Guide, V.D.R., 2000. Production planning and control for remanufacturing: industry practice and research needs. Journal of operations Management, 18(4), pp.467-483
23. Çorbacıoğlu, Umut, and Erwin A. van der Laan. "A quality framework in closed loop supply chains: Opportunities for value creation." In Quality Management in Reverse Logistics, pp. 21-37. Springer, London, 2013.
24. Davies, Lincoln L. "Energy Policy Today and Tomorrow-toward Sustainability."  Land Resources & Envtl. L.29 (2009): 71.
25. Matsumoto, Mitsutaka. "Development of a simulation model for reuse businesses and case studies in Japan." Journal of Cleaner Production18, no. 13 (2010): 1284-1299.
26. Lund, Robert T., and Banco Mundial. Remanufacturing: the experience of the United States and implications for developing countries. Vol. 31. World Bank, 1984.
27. Xiang, Wang, and Chen Ming. "Implementing extended producer responsibility: vehicle remanufacturing in China." Journal of Cleaner Production19, no. 6-7 (2011): 680-686.
28. Chaowanapong, Jirapan, Juthathip Jongwanich, and Winifred Ijomah. "The determinants of remanufacturing practices in developing countries: Evidence from Thai industries." Journal of Cleaner Production170 (2018): 369-378.
29. Xiang, Wang, and Chen Ming. "Implementing extended producer responsibility: vehicle remanufacturing in China." Journal of Cleaner Production19, no. 6-7 (2011): 680-686.
30. Gutowski, Timothy G., Sahil Sahni, Avid Boustani, and Stephen C. Graves. "Remanufacturing and energy savings." Environmental science & technology45, no. 10 (2011): 4540-4547.
31. Sharma, Vaishali, Suresh K. Garg, and P. B. Sharma. "Identification of major drivers and roadblocks for remanufacturing in India." Journal of cleaner production112 (2016): 1882-1892.
32. Statham, Steve. "Remanufacturing towards a more sustainable future." Electronics-enabled Products Knowledge-transfer Network(2006): 4.
33. Ferrer, Geraldo. "The economics of personal computer remanufacturing." Resources, Conservation and Recycling21, no. 2 (1997): 79-108.
34. Driesch, H. M., S. D. P. Flapper, and J. E. van Oyen. "Logistieke besturing van motorenhergebruik bij Daimler-Benz MTR." (1998).
35. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Extended Producer Responsibility: A Guidance Manual for Governments. OECD Publishing, 2001.
36. Lindhqvist, Thomas. Extended producer responsibility in cleaner production: Policy principle to promote environmental improvements of product systems. Vol. 2000, no. 2. IIIEE, Lund University, 2000.
37. Forslind, K. H. "Implementing extended producer responsibility: the case of Sweden's car scrapping scheme." Journal of Cleaner Production13, no. 6 (2005): 619-629.
38. Khetriwal, Deepali Sinha, Philipp Kraeuchi, and Rolf Widmer. "Producer responsibility for e-waste management: key issues for consideration–learning from the Swiss experience." Journal of environmental management90, no. 1 (2009): 153-165.
39. McKerlie, Kate, Nancy Knight, and Beverley Thorpe. "Advancing extended producer responsibility in Canada." Journal of Cleaner Production14, no. 6-7 (2006): 616-628.
40. Milanez, Bruno, and Ton Bührs. "Extended producer responsibility in Brazil: the case of tyre waste." Journal of Cleaner Production17, no. 6 (2009): 608-615.
41. Nahman, Anton. "Extended producer responsibility for packaging waste in South Africa: Current approaches and lessons learned." Resources, Conservation and Recycling54, no. 3 (2010): 155-162.
42. Manomaivibool, Panate. "Extended producer responsibility in a non-OECD context: The management of waste electrical and electronic equipment in India." Resources, Conservation and Recycling53, no. 3 (2009): 136-144.
43. Statham, Steve. "Remanufacturing towards a more sustainable future." Electronics-enabled Products Knowledge-transfer Network(2006): 4.
44. Choudhary, Nita, Niranjan Kumar Singh, V. Oladokun, O. Charles-Owaba, T. Nzeribe, and H. A. O. Lihua. "Remanufacturing in India: Approaches, Potentials & Technical Challenges." International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Technology3, no. 3 (2011): 223-227.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: An experiential study has been executed to see the otcome of using inclined and transverse ribs as roughness elements on the Nusselt number and friction features on absorber plate in the rectangular duct used in DPSH. Width to duct height proportion (w/h) is 10, relative roughness pitch (p/e) varies from 5-20, relative roughness height (e/Dh) varies from 0.043, attack angle (a) varies from 30⁰-90⁰ and Reynolds number lies between 4000-18000. The comparision of heat transfer and friction factor of roughened duct and smooth duct has been shown. A appreciable rise in the Nusselt number and friction factor has been noticed as that of smooth duct. Nusselt number and friction factor correlations have been developed using the experimental data

Keywords: Nusselt Number; Friction Factor; Solar Air Heater Duct; Ribs.

References:

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3. W.Leung, S.Chen, T.T.Wong, S.D.Probert, Forced convection and pressure drop in horizontal triangular duct with V-grooved (i.e. orthogonal to the mean flow) inner surfaces, Applied energy 66 (2000) 199-211.
4. 0K.Burgess, M.M.Oliveira, P.M.Ligrani, Nusselt number behavior on deep dimpled surface within a channel, Journal of Heat Transfer 125 (2003) 11-18.
5. Bhushan , R.Singh, Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for solar air heater duct having artificially roughened absorber plate, Solar Energy 85(2011) 1109-1118.
6. Satcunanathan, S. and Deonarine, S., A two pass solar air heater, Solar Energy 15(1) (1973), 41-49.
7. Wijeysundera NE,  Lee  AH,  Tjioe    Thermal  performance  study  of  two-passsolar  air  heaters.  Solar  Energy  1982;28:363–70.
8. Abdul-Malik EbrahimMomin a, J.S. Saini, S.C. Solanki, Heat transfer and friction in solar air heater duct with V-shaped rib roughness on absorber plate, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 3383–3396
9. P. Omojaro, L.B.Y. Aldabbagh, Experimental performance of single and double pass solar air heater with fins and steel wire mesh as absorber, Applied Energy 87 (2010) 3759–3765
10. Prashant Dhiman,  Thakur  NS,  Anoop  Kumar,  Satyender    An  analytical model  to  predict  the  thermal  performance  of  a  novel  parallel  flow  packed  bed solar  air  heater.  Applied  Energy  2011;88:2157–67
11. F. El-khawajah, L.B.Y. Aldabbagh, F. Egelioglu, The effect of using transverse fins on a double pass flow solar air heater using wire mesh as an absorber, Solar Energy 85 (2011) 1479–1487
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13. A, Bharadwaj. G and Varun, Heat transfer and friction factor correlation development for double-pass solar air heater having V-shaped ribs as roughness elements, Experimental Heat transfer 30(1) (2017) 77-90.
14. A, Varun, Kumar. P and Bharadwaj. G, heat transfer and friction characteristics of double pass solar air heater having v-shaped roughness on the absorber plate, international journal of renewable and sustainable energy 5 (2013)
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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is considered as a multi-input process. In order to achieve high productivity and quality of weld, it is very difficult to select optimum combination of input process parameters. In this work Taguchi Method is being used for the optimization of input process parameter, which is very simple, fast, robust and convenient. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a process of overlaying metals by coalescence. The heat required for coalescence is provided by an arc generated between consumable electrode and work-piece. Analysis of SAW process parameter is key point for researcher due to its wide application in heavy welding industry, ship construction, pipeline etc. To set the optimum process parameter is a common problem with SAW for desired response due to its multi input parameter. These parameter are welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, wire feed rate etc. Later response found by the process significantly influence by these parameter. In this work, Submerged Arc Welding is performed on AISI 5130 alloy steel. Responses in terms of depth of penetration and Hardness of welded joint are analyzed. Based on optimization a regression model has been developed for each response. Optimum levels of factors have been identified. The predicted value of levels has been validated by experimental run.

Keywords: SAW, Taguchi, Response Surface Method, Depth of Penetration, Peak Temperature.

References:

1. Vedrtnam, A., G. Singh, and A. Kumar, Optimizing submerged arc welding using response surface methodology, regression analysis, and genetic algorithm. Defence Technology, 2018.
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3. Moradpour, M.A., S.H. Hashemi, and K. Khalili, Multi-objective Optimization of Welding Parameters in Submerged Arc Welding of API X65 Steel Plates. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2015. 22(9): p. 870-878.
4. Hayajneh, M.T., A.F. Al-Dwairi, and S.F. Obeidat, Optimization and control of bending distortion of submerged arc welding I-beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2018. 142: p. 78-85.
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6. Datta, S., A. Bandyopadhyay, and P.K. Pal, Grey-based taguchi method for optimization of bead geometry in submerged arc bead-on-plate welding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2008. 39(11): p. 1136-1143.
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11. Patil, M.V., Multi response simulation and optimization of gas tungsten arc welding. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2017. 42: p. 540-553.
12. Ugrasen, G., et al., Optimization of Process Parameters for Al6061-Al7075 alloys in Friction Stir Welding using Taguchi’s Technique. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018. 5(1, Part 3): p. 3027-3035.
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16. Sivaraman, A. and S. Paulraj, Multi-Response Optimization of Process Parameters for MIG Welding of AA2219-T87 by Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017. 4(8): p. 8892-8900.
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21. Sharma, V. and A.S. Shahi, Effect of groove design on mechanical and metallurgical properties of quenched and tempered low alloy abrasion resistant steel welded joints. Materials & Design, 2014. 53(Supplement C): p. 727-736.
22. Vora, J.J. and V.J. Badheka, Experimental investigation on mechanism and weld morphology of activated TIG welded bead-on-plate weldments of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel using oxide fluxes. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2015. 20: p. 224-233.
23. Xavier, C.R., H.G. Delgado Junior, and J.A.d. Castro, An Experimental and Numerical Approach for the Welding Effects on the Duplex Stainless Steel Microstructure. Materials Research, 2015. 18: p. 489-502.
24. Nezamdost, M.R., et al., Investigation of temperature and residual stresses field of submerged arc welding by finite element method and experiments. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016. 87(1): p. 615-624.
25. Singh, A.K., V. Dey, and R.N. Rai, A Study to Enhance the Depth of Penetration in Grade P91 Steel Plate Using Alumina as Flux in FBTIG Welding. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2017.
26. Pan, Z., et al., Arc Welding Processes for Additive Manufacturing: A Review, in Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing: Volume I No. 1 2017, S. Chen, Y. Zhang, and Z. Feng, Editors. 2018, Springer Singapore: Singapore. p. 3-24.
27. Tarng, Y.S., S.C. Juang, and C.H. Chang, The use of Grey-Based Taguchi Methods to Determine Submerged Arc Welding Process Parameters in Hard Facing. Vol. 128. 2002. 1-6.

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Paper Title:

Abstract: Technology always helps the mankind to make their life comfortable. So beside comfortable it is very important to think about safety also. We need to think to make the roads safer. Present situation of India is that the numbers of road accidents are increasing day by day. By the survey it has been recorded that total number of road accidents followed by cars, jeeps and taxis (23.6 percent), trucks, tempos, tractors and other articulated vehicles (21.0 per cent), Buses (7.8 per cent), Auto-Rickshaws (6.5 per cent) and other motor vehicles (2.8 per cent) [1].The roads of the states are not safe due to people do reckless driving or over speeding after drinking alcohol. So to make a step forward we make a device that is “Alcohol detector system with auto ignition off”. It consist of Alcohol gas sensor which sense the presence of alcohol, Arduino UNO which is a microcontroller board, Buzzer and LED light for indication of presence of alcohol. Immobilizer device is used to cut off the ignition of an automobile. It is a device that will be fitted in the four wheelers so that the person who is sitting on the driving seat will not be able to drive the car if he is drunk. This system will decrease the peak of graph of road accidents. The Community against Drunken Driving (CADD) said nearly 70% of all fatalities are due to drunken driving. By implementing the product in the automobile sector, it makes the roads very safer than before. It saves the life of the person who is on driving seat as well as the other person who is walking or driving on the same road. It will become the boon for the entire mankind.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, Alcohol Gas Sensor (MQ3), Relay

References:

1. Lea Angelica Navarro, Mark Anthony Diño, Exechiel Joson, Rommel Anacan, Roberto Dela Cruz, Design of Alcohol Detection System for Car Users thru Iris Recognition Pattern Using Wavelet Transform. 2016, 7th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modeling and Simulation.
2. Dhivya M  and  Kathiravan  Driver,  Authentication  and  Accident  Avoidance System for Vehicles, Smart Computing Review, vol. 5, no. 1, February 2015.
3. Babor, The alcohol use disorders identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care, 1992, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
4. ISuge, Takigawa,  H.Osuga,  H.Soma, K.Morisaki, Accident Vehicle Automatic DetectionSystem by Image Processing Technology, IEEE 1994 Vehicle Navigation & information Systems Conference.

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Paper Title:

Abstract: Technology has always played a vital role in making human’s life easier. Here is a new and innovative way of filling household water storage tanks. The current situation is in the areas of the municipal corporation, water supplies are regulated to some stipulated time. One has to be present at home at that time to store water in the water storage tank by manually switching on their water pumps. People living in the areas with 24/7 water supplies usually forget to switch off their water pumps which lead to water overflow. This causes wastage of water as well as electricity. According to Hindustan Times Municipal corporation of Delhi (MCD) is serving to more than 19 lakhs water connections in Delhi which is increasing day by day. The Rapid growth in population demands more connections which can lead to more wastage of water and electricity. This method is an automatic and simple solution of eliminating two different types of problems. Firstly, it will eliminate the human need and will sense the water supply with the help of water presence sensor in pipe line from the municipal corporation. After sensing the water supply it will switch on water pump with the help of a 240 Volt relay connected to Arduino UNO R3 development board. With the help of water level indicator, it will judge the level of water in a tank. After filling the water tank completely Arduino UNO will turn off the water pump using the same 240-volt relay. This will save water and electricity.

Keywords: Arduino UNO R3, 240-Volt Relay, Water Pump, Water Sensor, Rain Drop Module.

References:

1. Abhay Kumar,    Neha        Tiwari,     Energy     Efficient   Smart Home Automation System, International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER), ISSN (Online): 2347-3878 Volume 3 Issue 1, January 2015.
2. Bhavik Pandya, Mihir Mehta, Nilesh Jain. Android Based Home Automation System Using Bluetooth & Voice Command, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395 -0056. Volume: 03 Issue: 03, Mar-2016 p-ISSN: 2395-0072.
3. Aldrich D’mello, Gaurav Deshmukh, Manali Murudkar and Garima Tripathi, Home Automation using Raspberry, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, E-ISSN 2277 – 4106, P-ISSN 2347 – 5161.

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Paper Title:

Abstract: The reinforcement of nano-particles is much better than macro range particles on the basis of mechanical property of polymer composite. Some researchers work with single category nano-particle and some used more than two or hybrid composition. Nano-particles are reinforced by weight percents and at random orientations to see the effect of reinforcement on hybrid polymer matrix. The present study of this research is to see combine result of two type Alumina profile nano-particles polymer with epoxy resin; which is prepared of hybrid polymer nano-composite matrix as per in-situ polymerization technique. In-situ techniques contain whole processes to fabricate the hybrid composite. Al2O3 particles have been used to reinforce in epoxy resin with different weight percentage of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% and made hybrid polymer composite. DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) for 3 point bending testing for microscopic structure analysis is done.

Keywords: DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis)

References:

1. Verma, P.C. Gope, A. Shandilya, A. Gupta and M.K. Maheshwari "Coir Fibre Reinforcement and Application in Polymer Composites, A Review” Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 263-276 (2013).
2. W. Clyne, and D. Hul "An Introduction to Composite Materials, 2nd edition” Cambridge University Press, New York, (1996).
3. Annamalai, , R. Patil, , C.C. Arjun, , and V. Pillarisetti "Influence of e-glass and graphite particle on Al-356 alloy composite produced by vortex method" International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, (2011).
4. Berghezan ”Nucleus” Nucleus an Editeur, 1, Chalgrin, Paris (1966).
5. Mohanty, M. Misra and L.T. Drzal "Natural Fibers, Biopolymers and Biocomposites" Boca Raton, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2005).
6. M. Jenkins, and K. Kawamura "Polymeric carbons--carbon fibre, glass and char" Cambridge University Press, 23-24 (1976).
7. Pervin, Y. Zhou, V. Rangari, S. Jeelani,"Testing and evaluation on the thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nano fiber reinforced SC-15 epoxy" Material. Science. Engineering, A 405, 246-253 (2005).
8. Adachi, M. Osaki, W. Araki and S. Kwon "Effect of Nano Layered Silicates on Automotive Polyurethane Refinish Clearcoat" Acta Materialia 56-2101 (2008).
9. A.Turaif “Effect of Nano TiO2 Particle Size on Mechanical Properties of Cured Epoxy Resin” Progress in Organic Coatings, 38-43(2000).
10. Omrani, L. Simon and A. Rostami "The Effects of Alumina Nanoparticle on the Properties of an Epoxy Resin System" Chem. Phys. 114 (2009) 145.
11. Ahmadi, M. Kassiriha, K. Khodabakhshia and E. Mafi "Effect of Nano Layered Silicates on Automotive Polyurethane Refinish Clearcoat" Progress in Organic Coatings, 60-99(2007).
12. Allahverdi, M. Ehsani, H. Janpour and S. Ahmadi "The Effect of Nanosilica on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Coating" Progress in Organic Coatings, 75-543(2012).
13. Hussain, A. Nakahira and K. Niihara "Mechanical property improvement of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by Al2O3 filler dispersion" Materials. Letters, 26-185(1996).
14. Wetzel, P. Rosso, F. Haupert and K. Friedrich "Epoxy nanocomposites–fracture and toughening mechanisms" Engineering Fracture Mechanics 73-2375(2006).
15. Chatterjee and M.S. Islam "Fabrication and characterization of TiO2-epoxy nanocomposite" Materials Science and Engineering: A 487-574(2008).
16. Mahrholz, J. Stängle and M. Sinapius "Quantitation of reinforcement effect of silica nano particles in epoxy resins used in liquid composite modeling processes" Composite Part: A 40-235(2009).
17. S. Goyat, S. Ray and P.K. Ghosh, "Innovative application of ultrasonic mixing to produce homogeneously mixed nanoparticulate " Applied Science and Manufacturing 42, 1421-1431 (2011).
18. Fu, D. Huck, L. Makein, B. Armstrong, U. Willen and T. Freeman," Effect of particle shape and size on flow properties of lactose powders Particuology" Advances in Characterization and Modeling of Particulate Processes Vol-10, 203-208 (2012).
19. Mellmann, T. Hoffmann, C. Furll, "Flow properties of crushed grains as a function of the particle shape” Powder Technology 249 269-273, (2013).
20. charvani, and B.C. Gopal reddy ”Preparation and characterization of alumina nanocomposite with aramid fiber and hybrid fiber reinforcements” International Journal Of Research In Engineering Technology, vol-4 (2015).
21. Sandeep, Dr. K.S Keerthi Prasad and T.R. Girish “Analysis of tensile behavior hybrid carbon-jute fiber reniforced epoxy composite” Journal Impact Factor vol-5 (2014).
22. Varma, D.K. Shukla and V. Kumar “Estimation of fatigue life of epoxy alumina polymer nanocomposite” Procedia Materials Science 5, 669 – 678 (2014).
23. Roll, Hansen, F. Knut, Olsen and Torbjorn “The optimum dispersion of cnt for epoxy nanocomposite: evolution of the particle size  distribution by  ultrasonic  treatment”  Hindawi Journal of Nanotechnology, 6348 (2012).
24. K. Kumar, N.V. Raghavendra and B.K. Sridhara “Development of infrared radiation curing system for fiber reinforced polymer composites: an experimental investigation” Indian Journal of Engineering and Material Science vol-18 (2011).
25. K. shukla, and V. Parameswaran “Epoxy composites with 200 nm thick alumina platelets as reinforcements” The Journal of Materials Science 42:5964–5972 (2007).
26. F.V. evora, and A. shukla “Fabrication, characterization, and dynamic behavior of polyester/tio2 nanocomposites” Materials Science and Engineering: A 361, 358–366 (2003

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Paper Title:

Abstract: The rule of mixture (ROM) can be the very initial approximation of the physical properties of composite materials, which accounts for the contribution of weights of constituent phases of composite. However, this approach may even sometime fail to depict the performance of composites with micro-structural description that cause a size effect in or create anisotropy of the regarded property. It is extensively acknowledged that the contribution of particles as well as their size with the volume fraction, the shape and the connectivity of the constituting phases has significant effects on the mechanical properties of composite. In this regard, the knowledge in variation of physical properties with the type and fraction of filler particles, the efficient and purpose of composite can be defined precisely.

Keywords: Metal Matrix Composite; Particle Size; Particle Distribution; Density; Hardness.

References:

1. O Olofinjana and K. S. Tan, Processing of Cu-Cr alloy for combined high strength and high conductivity, AJSTD Vol. 26 Issue 2 pp. 11-20 (2010).
2. Bera, W. Lozkowosky, and I Manna: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol 40A 2009, p 3276-3283.
3. Shigen Zhu,  Jun  Ma,  Meilin  Zhang  and  Caixia  W:  Mechanical Alloying: For Formation         of Nanocomposite WC/MgO Materials
4. Farid Akhtara, Syed Javid Askaria, Khadijah Ali Shaha, XueliDua, ShijuGuoa: Materials Characterization, 60 (2009),pp 3 2 7 – 3 3 6
5. Tjong SC, Lau KC: Comp SciTechnol 1999; 59:2005.
6. Xu J, Liu WJ: Wear 2006; 260:486.
7. Du ZM, Li JP: J Mater Process Technology 2004; 151:298
8. I. Mah, M.G. Mendiratta, A.P. Katz, and K.S. Mazdiyasni: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1987, vol. 66, pp. 304-08.
9. L. Chermant and F. Osterstock: J. Mater. Sci., 1976, vol. 11, pp. 1939-51.
10. S. Newkirk, A.W. Urquhart, H.R. Zwicker, and E. Breval: J. Mater. Res., 1986, vol. 1, pp. 81-89.
11. J Van der Pauw: Philips Res. Rep., 1958, vol. 13, pp1-9.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: Air pollution due to automobiles is a topic of major concern in the world today. Exposure to air pollution can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cause for 620,000 early deaths in 2010 in India which is estimated by The Central Pollution Control Board of India (CPCB). The recent incidents in Delhi and other major cities suggest that most of them fail to meet WHO guidelines for safe levels. Gas Emission Control Silencer (GECS) provides an effective way to overcome this problem it contains two compartments, first filled with Activated Charcoal and second with Urea treated perforated metal sheet. The activated charcoal adsorbs the un-burnt hydrocarbon, carbon oxides; while the Urea treated perforated metal sheet converts nitrogen oxides into di-nitrogen and water by Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). The Activated charcoal is highly adsorptive so it reduces Carbon Oxides by 10% - 12%; while the SCR by urea alone can achieve nitrogen oxide reductions up to 90% also it helps in reducing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission by 50% - 70 %. Summarizing the GECS using two compartments results in minimizing the harmful emissions and will be a step towards clean future.

Keywords: Gas Emission, Activated Charcoal, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Emission Control.

References:

1. Haga, H., Hashimoto, E., Nakajima, K., Matsunaga, H., & Yasui, Y. (2013). New Concept Urea-SCR Control for Super Clean Diesel Vehicle. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 46(21), 15-16.
2. Nesamani, K. S. (2010). Estimation of automobile emissions and control strategies in India. Science of the Total Environment, 408(8), 1800-1811.
3. Vashist, D., Kumar, N., & Bindra, M. Technical Challenges in Shifting from BS IV to BS-VI Automotive Emissions Norms by 2020 in India: A Review.
4. Kašpar, J., Fornasiero, P., & Hickey, N. (2003). Automotive catalytic converters: current status and some perspectives. Catalysis Today, 77(4), 419-449.
5. Chinchole, M. V., & Waghmare, A. V. REVIEW PAPER ON CATALYTIC CONVERTER FOR CONTROLLING EMISSIONS.
6. Ding, G. (2011). Positive Crankcase Ventilation System. IJ Eng. Manuf, 1(3), 13-19.
7. Reifarth, S. (2010). EGR-Systems for Diesel Engines(Doctoral dissertation).
8. Salhab, Z. (2012). Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Emission and Performance of Hydrogen Fueled Spark-ignition Engine. Global Journal of Research In Engineering, 12(2-D).
9. Patane, P. M., Powar, S., & Deshmukh, S. (2016). A Physics based Model for Estimation of EGR Mass Flow Rate.
10. Ma, S. A. T. H. I. S. H. (2017). Design of Secondary Air injection System in Lower CC Engines-A Review.
11. Ayodhya, A. S., Lamani, V. T., Thirumoorthy, M., & Kumar, G. N. (2018). NOx reduction studies on a diesel engine operating on waste plastic oil blend using Selective Catalytic Reduction technique. Journal of the Energy Institute.
12. Song, C. (2006). Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing. Catalysis today, 115(1-4), 2-32.
13. Abdullah, M. O., Tan, I. A. W., & Lim, L. S. (2011). Automobile adsorption air-conditioning system using oil palm biomass-based activated carbon: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(4), 2061-2072.
14. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. (2001). Activated carbon and adsorption.
15. Resitoglu, I. A., & Keskin, A. (2017). Hydrogen applications in selective catalytic reduction of NOx emissions from diesel engines. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(36), 23389-23394.
16. Sala, R., Bielaczyc, P., & Brzezanski, M. (2017). Concept of Vaporized Urea Dosing in Selective Catalytic Reduction. Catalysts, 7(10), 307.
17. Jribi, S., Miyazaki, T., Saha, B. B., Pal, A., Younes, M. M., Koyama, S., & Maalej, A. (2017). Equilibrium and kinetics of CO2 adsorption onto activated carbon. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 108, 1941-1946.
18. Yasui, Y., Matsunaga, H., Hashimoto, E., Satoh, N., Schreurs, B., Hardam, H., ... & Takahashi, T. (2013). A Super Clean Diesel Vehicle for us LEV III SULEV Category. In Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress (pp. 753-765). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
19. Devarakonda, M., Parker, G., Johnson, J. H., Strots, V., & Santhanam, S. (2008). Model- based estimation and control system development in a urea-SCR after treatment system. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 1(2008-01-1324), 646-661.
20. Zaman, M., & Lee, J. H. (2013). Carbon capture from stationary power generation sources: a review of the current status of the technologies. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 30(8), 1497-1526.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: It is always desired to achieve both improved power output and low exhaust emission. Nowadays, air pollution and high consumption rate of fuel cause major effect on our environment. Vehicles have major contribution in the air pollution and generate undesirable emissions (unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur and solid carbon particulates) due to improper combustion of fuel as well as inefficient engines are responsible of high consumption rate of fuel. Air pollution and consumption rate of fuel can be reduced by a method of supplying air/air-fuel mixtures higher than the pressure at which engines naturally aspirates , by a boosting device is called the supercharging. This is done by a device which is known as Supercharger. It consists of compressor which may be crankshaft driven , exhaust turbine or electric motor driven to increase density of air. In present time, Heavy commercial vehicles, SUVs, cars and high capacity bikes are equipped with this technique but low capacity motorbikes(150-400cc) are not provided with this technique of supercharging. It is well known, low capacity motorbikes has also contribution in consumption of fuel and undesirable exhaust emission due to non-stoichiometric mixture .This paper is relative to the implementation of supercharging technique in low capacity engines(150-400 cc) which is driven by flywheel of engine to improve performance, exhaust emissions and efficiency of engines.

Keywords: Exhaust Emissions, Naturally Aspirates, Boosting Device, Supercharging, Non-Stoichiometric Mixture, Flywheel.

References:

1. William H Crouse, Donald L Anglin, "Automotive mechanics", McGraw Hill, Special Indian Edition , 2007.
2. K. Nag ,"Applied Thermodynamics", McGraw Hill Publication, 2010.
3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_internal_combustion_en gine.
4. https://community.data.gov.in/production-of-two-wheeler-in-india-from-2001-02-to-2012-13.
5. Ganesan , "Internal combustion engines", McGraw Hill Publication, 2012 .
6. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger.
7. http//www.bajajauto.com/motor-bikes/pulsar-150dtsi.
8. User manual book of Bajaj pulsar 150(2010) model.
9. https://www.iit.ernet.in/scifac/qip/public_html/cd_cell/chapter/uk_saha_ internal_combustion_engine520efficiencies.
10. Campbell ,J.M., Gas Conditioning and Processing, Volume 2:The Equipment Modules,9th Edition,2nd Printing, Editors Hubbard,R. and Snow-McGregor, K., Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, Oklahoma, 2014.
11. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density-of_air.
12. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air_properties.
13. Sujith G,Jishna S. Nair,Mohammed Jezry Faruq,Muhammad Ameer M,Nithin P Nair, "Modification and Analysis of 125cc Petrol Engine with Turbocharger"

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: The Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most common and most accepted non-traditional machining process used. The work-piece material selected in this experiment is Titanium Grade 5 Alloy [Ti6Al4V] taking in to account its wide usage in industrial application. The high strength and stiffness of Titanium Grade 5 Alloy leads to improve tensile shear and flexural properties. The variable parameters are peak current, pulse on time, and pulse off time and gap voltage. On the basis of PROMETHEE matrix and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methodologies for four factors with three levels of each factor, we have selected L9. ARRAY for DOE (Design of Experiments) to be carried out for knowing the TWR and MRR the effect of the variable parameters mentioned above upon machining characteristics such as MRR and TWR is studied and investigated. The tool material is COPPER CADMIUM.

Keywords: Electric Discharge Machining, Tool Wear Rate, Material Removal Rate, Peak Current, Flushing Pressure.

References:

1. Puertas, I. And Luis, C.J. A study of optimization of machining parameters for electrical discharge machining of boron carbide’. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2004, 19, 1041-1070.
2. Kumar P. and Prakash R. Experimental investigation and optimization of EDM process parameters for machining of aluminium boron carbide (Al–B4C) composite. Machining Science and Technology, 2016, 20(2), 330-348.
3. Lin Y.C., Wang A.C., Wang D.A. and Chen C.C. Machining Performance and Optimizing Machining Parameters of Al2O3–TiC Ceramics Using EDM Based on the Taguchi Method. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2009, 24(6), 667-674.
4. Mahapatra S.S., Patnaik A. Optimization of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters using Taguchi method. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2007, 34(9-10), 911-925.
5. Bhattacharyya B., Gangopadhyay S., Sarkar B.R. Modelling and Analysis of EDMed job surface integrity, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 189, 169¬177.
6. Scott D., Boyina S. and Rajurkar K.P. Analysis and optimization of parameter combinations in wire electrical discharge machining. International Journal of Production Research. 2007, 29(11), 2189-2207.
7. Ohdar N. K., Jena B.K. and Sethi S.K. Optimization of EDM process parameters using Taguchi Method with Copper Electrode. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2017, 4(4), 2428-2431.
8. Tomadii S.H., Hassan M.A., Daud R., Khalid A.G. Analysis of the Influence of EDM Parameters on Surface Quality, Material Removal Rate and Electrode Wear of Tungsten Carbide. Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists. 2009, 2.
9. Rao P.S., Kumar J.S, Reddy K., Reddy B., Parametric Study of Electric Discharge Machining of AISI 304 Stainless Steel, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3535-3550.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: The aim of this research is to study and increase the efficiency of plant for a food processing industry. The purpose is to study the present layout of the processing plant, categorizing its flaws and strengths to implement the productive and ideal layout assessed by SLP procedure, in place of the current layout. The essential data would be acquired. The thorough study of existing layout such as flow of material, operation process chart has been investigated. The number of equipment, travelling area, area occupied by various machines, time taken by processes and bottleneck operations has been analyzed.

Keywords: Plant Layout, Systematic Layout Planning (SLP).

References:

1. Singh, A. P., & Yilma, M. (2013, May). Production floor layout using systematic layout planning  in  Can  manufacturing company. In Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 822-828). IEEE.
2. Lan, S., & Zhao, J. (2010, November). Facilities Layout Optimization Method Combining  Human  Factors  and  In Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII), 2010 International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 608-611). IEEE.
3. Zheng, Y., & Zhan, B. (2015, June). SLP-based layout optimization of logistics workshop facilities of Huai'an courier post. In Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS), 2015 International Conference on (pp. 848-851). IEEE.
4. Changsen, Z. (2010, November). Study on the Layout Planning of Logistics Park Using SLP. In Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII), 2010 International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 352-354). IEEE.
5. Yujie, Z., & Fang, W. (2009, December). Study on the general plane of  log  yards   based   on  systematic  layout     In Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, 2009 International Conference on (Vol. 3, pp. 92-95). IEEE.
6. Wiyaratn, W., Watanapa, A., & Kajondecha, P. (2013). Improvement plant layout based on  systematic  layout planning. International Journal of  Engineering  and technology, 5(1), 76.
7. Tak, C. S., & Yadav, L. (2012). Improvement in layout design using SLP of a small size manufacturing unit: a case study. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2(10), 1-7.
8. Gogi Vivekanand, S., Rohith, D., ShashiKiran, K., & Shaikh Suhail, M. (2014).  Efficiency  improvement  of  a  plant  International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology, 3, 11203-11209.
9. Watanapa, A., Kajondecha, P., Duangpitakwong, P., & Wiyaratn, W. (2011). Analysis plant layout design for effective production. In International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer scientists (IMECS 2011) Vol II, Hong Kong.
10. Hossain, M. R., Rasel, M. K., & Talapatra, S. (2015). Increasing productivity through facility layout improvement using systematic layout planning pattern theory. Global Journal of Research In Engineering.
11. Patil, S. B., & Kuber, S. S. (2014). Productivity improvement in plant by using systematic layout planning (Slp)-A case study of medium scale industry. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3(4), 770-775.
12. Shewale, P. P., Shete, M. S., & Sane, S. M. (2012). Improvement in plant layout using systematic layout planning (SLP) for increased productivity. International journal of advanced engineering research and studies, 1(3), 259-261.
13. Ojaghi, Y., Khademi, A., Yusof, N. M., Renani, N. G., & bin Syed Hassan, S. A. H. (2015). Production layout optimization for small and medium scale food industry. Procedia Cirp, 26, 247-251.
14. Balakrishnan, J., & Cheng, C. H. (2007). Multi-period planning and uncertainty issues in cellular manufacturing: A review and future European  Journal  of   Operational Research, 177(1), 281-309.
15. Yujiao, W., Lingyao,Z.,& Yue, W. (2016). Logistics facilities planning and design based on SLP. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 2(3), 12-16.
16. Wu, C., Hu, T. J., Wang, X. F., & Zheng, C. (2013). Study on the functional zones layout of fresh food distribution center based on the SLP method. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 694, pp. 3614-3617). Trans Tech Publications.
17. Anish, I., & Ibrahim, A. (2014). FACILITY LAYOUT DESIGN OF LIBRARY USING     SYSTEMATIC         LAYOUT PLANNING. International Journal of Library and Information Studies, 4(4), 23-27.
18. Yang, J. H. (2012). A Method of Layout Rearrangement for Enterprise Logistics System. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 442, pp. 446-452). Trans Tech Publications.
19. Qilan Zhao, Yannan Liu.(2015) Research on Logistics Center Layout Based on SLP. Proceedings of China Modern Logistics Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 286, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-44674-4_2.

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15.

Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: Electrochemical machining (ECM) and electric discharge machining (EDM) processes are the advanced machining processes, which is used to machine electrically conductive and high strength materials which are difficult to cut with conventional processes. It is employed in aeronautical and aerospace industries for blade profiling, micro hole fabrication, etc. Even though ECM provides many advantages like highest MRR, good surface finish, it incurs heavy initial investment and maintenance cost. Parametric optimization is required to obtain maximum amount of machining rate and better surface finish. It also helps to reduce product cost and material wastage. Various techniques are available to optimize the process parameter i.e. RSM, Taguchi, GA. Here response surface method (RSM) is implemented to optimize the input parameters and also find the effect of various input parameters with response. Experiments were conducted with softer tool on hard work material.S1 tool steel is used as work piece material whereas copper electrode is used as tool material since there is no effect of work piece material hardness on the material removal rate.S1 tool steel is used for making chisel, dies for stamping, cold stamping etc. Mathematical relations are developed between input and output parameter after conducting the experiments. Voltage, electrolyte concentration, inter electrode gap and electrolyte flow rate are considered as input parameters where as MRR is the response parameter.

Keywords: Box Behkein Design (BBD), Electrochemical Micromachining ECMM, Inter Electrode Gap (IEG), Material Removal Rate (MRR), Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

References:

1. Bhattacharyya, S.K. Sorkhel, Investigation for controlled electrochemical machining through response surface methodology based approach, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 86 (1999) 200–207.
2. Sathiyamoorthy, T. Sekar, P.Suresh, Optimising of Processing Parameters in Electrochemical Machining of AISI 202 using Response Surface Methodology, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 10, 2015,780-789
3. Munda J and Bhattacharyya B. Investigation into electrochemical micromachining (EMM) through response surface methodology based approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2008; 35: 821–832.
4. Bahre D, Weber O and Rebschla¨ ger A. Investigation on pulse electrochemical machining characteristics of lamellar cast iron using a response surface methodology-based approach. Procedia CIRP 2013;
5. 6: 362–367.
6. Suresh and K Mahadevan, “Optimization ofAbrasive Assisted Electrochemical Machining Using Response SurfaceMethodology” Journal Of Advanced Engineering Research Vol.3,Issue 2,2016,134-140
7. Kalaimathi, G.Venkatachalam, M.Sivakumar, “Experi mental Investigations on the Electrochemical Machining Characteristics of Monel 400 Alloys and Optimization of Process Parameters”. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Vol.8 (2014), No.3, 143-151
8. K. Jain, V.K. Jain, Mach. Sci. Technol. 11, 235–58, (2007).
9. Ayyappan, K. Sivakumar, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 82, 2053-64, (2015).
10. A. Nayak, S. Gangopadhyay, D.K. Sahoo, J. Manuf. Process. 23, 269–77, (2016)
11. Ebeid SJ, Hewidy MS, EI-Towell TA, Youssef AH (2004) Towards Higher accuracy for ECM hybridized with low frequency vibrations using the response surface methodology. J Mater Process Technol149:432–438doi:10.1016/j jmatprotec.2003.10. 046
12. RaoRV and Kalyan VD. Optimization of Modern Machining processes using advanced optimization techniques: A review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2014;73:1159-1188
13. Mukherjee R and Chakraborty S. Selection of the optimal electrochemical machining process parameters using biogeography-based optimization algorithm. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2013; 64: 781–791.
14. Senthilkumar C, Ganesan G and Karthikeyan R. Parametric optimization of electrochemical machining of Al/15% SiCp composites using NSGA-II. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 2011; 21: 2293–2300

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Paper Title:

Abstract: The prediction of water surface elevation in open channels is quite important in order to evaluate and determine the side wall heights of structures in open channel systems. At present empirical equations are being widely used for this purpose. In earlier half of 19th century experimental approach was used but it has some drawbacks such as laborious data collection and instrument operation limitation. Moreover the 3D flow behavior or some complex turbulent structure which is the nature of any open channel flow cannot effectively captured through experiments, so in these circumstances, computational approach can be adopted to overcome some of these issues. In comparison to experimental studies computational approach is repeatable, can simulate at full scale, can generate the flow taking all the data points into consideration. The intention behind the present work is to use the simple geometry of the rectangular broad crested weir to test the commercial CFD software ANSYS-CFX with a view to test its feasibility for implementation in more complex open channel flows. In this first the experimental results of Hager & Schwalt’s are validated and then analysis is done for weirs with different.

Keywords: CFD, VOF, Volume Fraction, Weir.

References:

1. Cozzolino L., Morte R. Della 2014), “A broad-crested weir boundary condition in finite volume shallow-water numerical models”, 12th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry, CCWI2013.
2. Csaba Hős, Kullmann László (2007), “numerical study on the free-surface channel flow over a bottom obstacle”.
3. Feurich Robert and Niels Reiedar B. Olisen (2012), “Finding free surface of supercritical flow numerical investigation”,Engg application of computational fluid mechanics vol 6no. 2, pp307-315.
4. Gandhi B. K (2002).,“ Investigation of Flow Profile in Open Channels using CFD”,IGHEM-2010 ,AHEC ,IIT Roorkee.
5. Ghidersa B.E.(2004), “Volume Of Fluid Method For Simulation Of Two-Phase Flow In Small Rectangular Channel”.
6. Gueyffier Denis, Jie Li,1 Ali Nadim (1998), “Volume-of-Fluid Interface Tracking with Smoothed Surface Stress Methods for 3D flow”, Mod´elisation en M´ecanique, CNRS URA 229, Universit´e Pierre et Marie Curie,4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
7. Hargreaves D. M (2007)., “Validation Of The Volume Of Fluid Method For Free surface”.
8. Hirt C.W., Nichols B.D. (1981),“VOF method for dynamics of free boundaries", Journal of computational physics 39,201-225.
9. Hos Csaba, Kullmann Laszlo (2007), “A Numerical Study On Free Surface Channel Flow Over A Bottom Obstacle”, Journal of Computational and Applied Mechanics, Vol. 8., No. 1., pp. 57–70
10. Jouetee C. De., Gouez J.M. (1991), “Volume Of Fluid Method Applied To Non Linear Wave Problem On Body-Fitted Grid”, Symphosium of computational fluid dynamics, university of California at Devis.
11. Maciej Marek, Wojciech Aniszewski (2008), “ VOF for two phase flow”.
12. Madadi Mohamad Reza (2014), “Investigation of flow characteristics above trapezoidal broad-crested weirs”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation)139–148.
13. MohantaAbinash et al (2014), “Experimental and Numerical Study of Flow in Prismatic and Non-prismatic Section of a Converging Compound Channel”, International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, pp. 203-210.
14. PATIL S., KOSTIC M. and MAJUMDAR P (2009),“Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Open-Channel Flows Over Bridge-Decks Under Various Flooding Conditions”, Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on FLUID MECHANICS.
15. Samarpana Katuri, konapala Ajay, Ramesh Duvvada (2013), “Computational Investigation Of Free Surface Flow Around A Ship Hull”, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM). ISSN 2319 – 4847 Volume 2, Issue 5, May.
16. Sarker M.A., Rhodes D.G. (2004), “Calculation of Free Surface Profile over a Rectangular Broad crested Weir”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 215-210.
17. White, F. M. (2003), “Fluid Mechanics”, McGraw-Hill Publication, Fifth edition.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: In ever changing world supply networks are found to be having the utmost aim to meet customer’s demand at the earliest with the optimum network cost. This aim seems to be difficult to obtain because of unavoidable delays and uncertainties in supply chain such as delay in transportation/production, uncertainty in transportation/production, damaging of the product in storage/ transportation, cancelation of backorders, etc. Nowadays, the spans of the networks have been extended to each and every corner of the world. This requires an approach to deal with supply chain complexities and taking appropriate decisions to manage adverse effects of supply chain disruptions. It is evident that researchers address the supply chain disruption issues by using different methodologies such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithm, hybrid (neuro-fuzzy) etc but the risk propensity and its dynamic nature is not appropriately addressed. In this paper an attempt has been made to address uncertainties and delays relevant to food and beverages industries using model predictive control. It is noticed that supply chains architecture can be modeled using eight possible configurations. Step & Impulse response shows possibility to meet all the demands with fewer inventories at different echelons of the network under unseen and unavoidable circumstances. The paper provides an expert system for supply chain managers for taking appropriate decisions at right time at different instances which in turn results in efficient running of supply chains.

Keywords: Echelon, Delays, Model Predictive Control Supply Chain

References:

1. Tzafestas, G. Kapsiotis, and E. Kyriannakis, “Model-based predictive control for generalized production planning problems,” Comput. Ind., vol. 34, no. 1994, pp. 201–210,
2. Singhal, G. Agarwal, and M. L. Mittal, “Supply chain risk management : review , classification and future research directions,” Int. J. Bus. Sci. Appl. Manag., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 15–42, 2011.
3. Rong, R. Akkerman, and M. Grunow, “An optimization approach for managing fresh food quality throughout the supply chain,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 421– 429, 2011.
4. M. Pinho, A. P. Moreira, G. Veiga, and J. Boaventura- Cunha, “Overview of MPC applications in supply chains: Potential use and benefits in the management of forest-based supply chains,” For. Syst., vol. 24, no. 3, p. e039, 2015.
5. Sharma and P. Singhal, “ Development of DSS for extended supply networks using Model predictive controller,” 12th Int. Res. Conf. Qual. Innov. Knowl. Manag. "Informing Entrep. Sustain. Monash Bus. Sch. Monash Univ., pp. 9–16, 2016.
6. Hai, Z. Hao, and L. Y. Ping, “Model Predictive Control for inventory Management in Supply Chain Planning,” Procedia Eng., vol. 15, pp. 1154–1159, Jan. 2011.
7. Misik, A. Cela, and Z. Bradac, “Optimal Predictive Control- A brief review of theory and practice,” IFAC- PapersOnLine, vol. 49, no. 25, pp. 324–329, Jan. 2016.
8. Postan and L. Filina-Dawidowicz, “Dynamic Optimization Model for Planning of Supply, Production, and Transportation of Perishable Product.”
9. M. Swaminathan, S. F. Smith, and N. Sadeh, “Modeling the Dynamics of Supply Chains,” Proc. AAAI-SIGMAN Work. Intell. Manuf., no. November, 1994.
10. Arreola‐ Risa and G. a. DeCroix, “Inventory management under random supply disruptions and partial backorders,” Nav. Res. Logist., vol. 45, no. May, pp. 687–703, 1998.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: The aim of this research paper is to characterize the thermo-physical properties of Jatropha-based bio-diesel. As we all aware that, the petroleum products are limited on earth so there is a requirement to replace petroleum products with a new type of fuel as biodiesel. The Jatropha-based biodiesel has many properties to replace the diesel. Researchers are now engaged in searching of such bio-diesels. Jatropha-based biodiesel has potential to fulfill the future energy demands because agricultural land of India is most suitable for the production of Jatropha trees. Jatropha crop can be easily cultivated in infertile soil and can be harvested in any season. Our farmer can also be trained for efficient production of this crop. Different experiments are performed for Transesterification of Jatropha (Ratanjyoti) during this process. The properties like viscosity, density are determined through Brookfield digital Viscometer. In these experiments a proper mixture of Potassium hydroxide(KOH) and Ethanol(C2H5OH) in a pre-decided contain ratios mixed with Jatropha oil and heated up to 700C for 4 hours. After this process, the solution is left for solidification for two days. Finally we get Jatropha-based bio-diesel and Glycerin as a by-product from the solution. The experiments are performed in the laboratory of Pharmacy Department at GLA University, Mathura. Results obtained after Transesterification of Jatropha oil are tabulated and compared with diesel. It was found that properties of bio-diesel are approximately similar to diesel and are also superior to diesel in some aspects.

Keywords: Biodiesel, By-product, Transesterification, Viscosity.

References:

1. V. H. Rao, R. S. Voleti, V. S. Hariharan, A. V. Sitarama Raju, and P. N. Redd, “Use of Jatropha oil methyl ester and its blends as an alternative fuel in diesel engine,” J. Brazilian Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 253–260, 2009.
2. Ahmed, S. O. Giwa, M. Ibrahim, and A. Giwa, “Production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas seed oil using base catalysed transesterification,” Int. J. ChemTech Res., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 322–332, 2016.
3. A. Antarkar, J. J. Salunke, and P. G. Student, “Use of Jatropha Biodiesel in C.I. Engines-A review,” J. Eng. Res. Appl. www.ijera.com ISSN, vol. 5, no. 112, pp. 2248–962217, 2015.
4. P. Singh, “Extraction of biodiesel from Jatropha oil and performance study of diesel engine with biodiesel fuels,” vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 2–5, 2014.
5. Folaranmi, “Production of Biodiesel (B100) from Jatropha Oil Using Sodium Hydroxide as Catalyst,” J. Pet. Eng., vol. 2013, pp. 1–6, 2013.
6. Raja, D. Smart, and C. Lee, “Biodiesel production from jatropha oil and its characterization,” Res. J. Chem. Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 81–87, 2011.
7. K. Singh and S. K. Padhi, “Characterization of jatropha oil for the preparation of biodiesel,” Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 127–132, 2006.
8. Ghobadian, H. Rahimi, A. M. Nikbakht, G. Najafi, and T. F. Yusaf, “Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network,” Renew. Energy, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 976–982, 2009.
9. Brookfield Engineering, Brookfield Digital Viscometer Model DV-E Operating Instructions, vol. 8139, no. M. 2015.
10. Rahman and M. Mashud, “Biodiesel from Jatropha oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine,” Int. J. …, no. 3, pp. 1–6, 2010.

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Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: Using netting analysis, the optimum fiber orientation angle comes out to be 54° which neglects the contribution of matrix. In this work however, the analysis of filament wound composite tubes with Carbon T-700 employed as the reinforcing fibers and epoxy resin as the matrix has been done using Mean Field Homogenization theory. The matrix and the fibers are treated as two separate entities with 2 layers of fibers wound on matrix material in -Ɵ and +Ɵ direction. An equivalent homogenous Representative Volume element (RVE) is created using DIGIMAT software which reveals the equivalent properties of the Oriented fibers and Matrix combined using MFH theory. The properties of the newly created RVE are imported into ANSYS where the geometric model of a pipe is already created. Analysis is done for burst pressure of the composite pipe using ANSYS 16.0. The optimum orientation angle using this technique came out to be 45˚.

Keywords: Filament Winding, Hoop Stress, Mean Field Homogenization Theory, RVE

References:

1. Frank C. Shen A filament-wound structure technology overview Elsevier Materials Chemistry and Physics 42 (1995) 96100
2. Jae-Sung Park, Chang-Sun Hong et al analysis of filament wound composite structures considering the change of winding angles through the thickness direction composite structures 55 (2002) 63-71.
3. Levend Parnas, Nuran Katırcı Design of fiber-reinforced composite pressure vessels under various loading conditions Composite Structures 58 (2002) 83–95
4. Aziz Onder,Onur Sayman Burst failure load of composite pressure vessels Elsevier Composite Structures 89 (2009) 159–166
5. R. Chang Experimental and theoretical analyses of first-ply failure of laminated composite pressure vessels Composite Structures 49 (2000) 237±243 Elsevier
6. Krishna Kedar., Narsaiah. et al Critical Analysis of Filament Wound Glass Epoxy Composite Under Various Boundary Conditions (2015) 4134-4158
7. V, Prashanth.R et al Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Analysis of Filament Wound GRP pipes for Underground Applications 64 ( 2013 ) 1293 – 1301
8. S Sulaiman,  S  Borazjan  et  al  Finite  element  analysis  of filament-wound composite pressure vessel under internal pressure
9. Ivana Vasović strength analysis of filament-wound composite tubes
10. Pinar Karpuz Mechanical characterization of filament wound composite tubes by internal pressure testing 2005
11. Ming Xia, Hiroshi Takayanagi et al Strength analysis of filament-wound fiber-reinforced composite piper under internal pressure.
12. Mertiny, F. Ellyin et al An experimental investigation on the effect of multi-angle filament winding on the strength of tubular composite structures 64 (2004)
13. Jinbo Bai, Philippe Seeleuthner mechanical behaviour of ±55° filament-wound glass-fibre/epoxy-resin tubes: i. microstructural analyses, mechanical behaviour and damage mechanisms of composite tubes under pure tensile loading, pure internal pressure, and combined loading 1996
14. Sumana B G, Vidya Sagar H N et al Investigation of Burst Pressure on Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Metal Tube for High Pressure Applications 5 (2015) 535-539
15. Radhika, K. Chandra Shekar et al Design, Fabrication and Testing of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel for CNG Storage 12 december 2014
16. Fibre reinforced composite- Materials, Manufacturing and Design by P.K. Mallick

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20.

Authors:

Paper Title:

Abstract: The increasing demand for an effective Cooling system which would cater to domestic and Industrial needs had lead the engineers to devise various frugal and non-conventional ways of Refrigeration. This Project aims to design a cooling system which would be powered by a Non-Conventional source of energy which in this case is Solar Energy. Such systems are running in the market currently, but we are working towards Hybridising Solar Energy input systems by including both solar thermal and solar electric aspects to increase the efficiency of the Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system and to make the system as compact as possible. This technology can be used in the areas of low and no energy Zones. These systems are quite in its operation due to less number of mechanical moving components as compared to a Vapour Compression Refrigeration System and are non-polluting. As the objective is clearly understood and various variants of solar refrigerators are reviewed, we will design both Solar thermal collectors and solar Photo Voltaic (PV) units and its combined inclusion in the power supply which depends on our input generator requirement of the system. Hence, this review is on Solar Powered Refrigeration and its components which are focussed on Solar Thermal System and Solar Photovoltaic Systems and inclusion of both these systems to operate the Refrigeration system with maximum efficiency.

Keywords: Vapour Absorber Refrigeration System (VARS), Coefficient of Performance (COP), Thermal storage, Solar Collector.

References:

1. Hassan, H. Z., & Mohamad, A. A. (2012). A review on solar-powered closed physisorption cooling systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2516-2538.
2. KalkanN, YoungEA, Celiktas A.Solar thermal air conditioning technology reducing the footprint of solar thermal air conditioning. Renewable andSustainable Energy Reviews 2012; 16:6352–83.
3. Hassan HZ, Mohamad AA, Al-AnsaryHA. Development of a continuously operating solar-driven adsorption cooling system: thermodynamic analysis and parametric study. Applied Thermal Engineering 2012; 48:332–41
4. SaidurR, MasjukiH, HasanuzzamanM, MahliaT, TanC, OoiJ, etal. Performance investigation of a solar powered thermoelectric refrigerator. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 2008; 3:7–16.
5. Kalkan, N., Young, E. A., &Celiktas, A. (2012). Solar thermal air conditioning technology reducing the footprint of solar thermal air conditioning. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8), 6352-6383
6. Basu, D. N., &Ganguly, A. (2015). Conceptual Design and Performance Analysis of a Solar Thermal-Photovoltaic-Powered Absorption Refrigeration System. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 137(3), 031020.
7. Koroneos, C., Nanaki, E., & Xydis, G. (2010). Solar air conditioning systems and their applicability—an exergy approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(1), 74-82.
8. Chidambaram, L. A., Ramana, A. S., Kamaraj, G., &Velraj, R. (2011). Review of solar cooling methods and thermal storage options. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(6), 3220-3228.
9. Thirugnanasambandam, M., Iniyan, S., &Goic, R. (2010). A review of solar thermal technologies. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 14(1), 312-322.
10. Ullah, K. R., Saidur, R., Ping, H. W., Akikur, R. K., &Shuvo, N. H. (2013). A review of solar thermal refrigeration and cooling Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 499-513.
11. Florides, G. A., Kalogirou, S. A., Tassou, S. A., &Wrobel, L. C. (2002). Modelling and simulation of an absorption solar cooling system for Cyprus. Solar Energy, 72(1), 43-51
12. Li, Z. F., &Sumathy, K. (2001). Simulation of a solar absorption air conditioning system. Energy Conversion and management, 42(3), 313-327.
13. Musale, Y., Patil, S., Chougule, B., Kulkarni, A., &Utage, A. S. (2016). Recent Developments in Solar Refrigeration Technology.
14. Sun, D. W. (1998). Comparison of the performances of NH3-H2O, NH3-LiNO3 and NH3-NaSCN absorption refrigeration systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 39(5-6), 357-368.
15. Kumar, S., &Arakerimath, D. R. (2015). Comparative Study on Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System Using Various Refrigerants. IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME) Volume, 3.
16. Pongtornkulpanich, A., Thepa, S., Amornkitbamrung, M., & Butcher, C. (2008). Experience with fully operational solar-driven 10-ton LiBr/H2O single-effect absorption cooling system in Thailand. Renewable Energy, 33(5), 943-949.
17. Ramos Cabal, A., Guarracino, I. L. A. R. I. A., Mellor, A. L. E. X. A. N. D. E. R., Alonso Álvarez, D. I. E. G. O., Childs, P. E. T. E. R., Ekins Daukes, N., &Markides, C. N. (2017). Solar-Thermal and Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal Systems for Renewable Heating.
18. Otanicar, T., Taylor, R. A., & Phelan, P. E. (2012). Prospects for solar cooling–An economic and environmental assessment. Solar Energy, 86(5), 1287-1299.
19. Kattakayam, T. A., & Srinivasan, K. (2004). Lead acid batteries in solar refrigeration systems. Renewable Energy, 29(8), 1243-1250.
20. Anuphappharadorn, S., Sukchai, S., Sirisamphanwong, C., &Ketjoy, N. (2014). Comparison the economic analysis of the battery between lithium-ion and lead-acid in PV stand-alone application. Energy Procedia, 56, 352-358.
21. Otanicar, T., Taylor, R. A., & Phelan, P. E. (2012). Prospects for solar cooling–An economic and environmental assessment. Solar Energy, 86(5), 1287-1299.
22. Choudhury, B., Chatterjee, P. K., & Sarkar, J. P. (2010). Review paper on solar-powered air-conditioning through adsorption route. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 14(8), 2189-2195.
23. Atmaca, I., &Yigit, A. (2003). Simulation of solar-powered absorption cooling system. Renewable Energy, 28(8), 1277-1293.
24. Chunyu Zhao, Shijun You, Lili Wei, Hao Gao, Wei Yu; (2017); Theoretical and experimental study of the heat transfer inside a horizontal evacuated tube; solar energy 132 (2016) 363-372.
25. Zambolin, D.Del Col, (2010) Experimental analysis of thermal performance of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors in stationary standard and daily conditions. Solar energy 84 1382-1396.
26. Liangdng Ma, Zhen Lu, Jili Zhang, Ruobing Liang (2010) Thermal performance analysis of the glass evacuated tube solar collector with U-tube. Building and Environment 45 1959-1967.
27. Florides, G. A., Kalogirou, S. A., Tassou, S. A., &Wrobel, L. C. (2002). Modelling and simulation of an absorption solar cooling system for Cyprus. Solar Energy, 72(1), 43-51
28. Ali, A. H. H., Noeres, P., &Pollerberg, C. (2008). Performance assessment of an integrated free cooling and solar powered single-effect lithium bromide-water absorption chiller. Solar Energy, 82(11), 1021-1030.
29. Kim, D. S., & Ferreira, C. I. (2008). Solar refrigeration options–a state-of-the-art review. International Journal of refrigeration, 31(1), 3-15
30. Assilzadeh, F., Kalogirou, S. A., Ali, Y., &Sopian, K. (2005). Simulation and optimization of a LiBr solar absorption cooling system with evacuated tube collectors. Renewable Energy, 30(8), 1143-1159.
31. Mazloumi, M., Naghashzadegan, M., &Javaherdeh, K. (2008). Simulation of solar lithium bromide–water absorption cooling system with parabolic trough collector. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(10), 2820-2832.
32. Dincer, I., Dost, S., & Li, X. (1997). Performance analyses of sensible heat storage systems for thermal applications. International Journal of Energy Research, 21(12), 1157-1171
33. Kattakayam, T. A., & Srinivasan, K. (2004). Lead acid batteries in solar refrigeration systems. Renewable Energy, 29(8), 1243-1250.
34. Chidambaram, L. A., Ramana, A. S., Kamaraj, G., &Velraj, R. (2011). Review of solar cooling methods and thermal storage options. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(6), 3220-3228.
35. Assilzadeh, F., Kalogirou, S. A., Ali, Y., &Sopian, K. (2005). Simulation and optimization of a LiBr solar absorption cooling system with evacuated tube collectors. Renewable Energy, 30(8), 1143-1159.
36. Kattakayam, T. A., & Srinivasan, K. (2004). Lead acid batteries in solar refrigeration systems. Renewable Energy, 29(8), 1243-1250.
37. Dincer, I., & Dost, S. (1996). A perspective on thermal energy storage systems for solar energy applications. International Journal of Energy Research, 20(6), 547-557.
38. Qu, M., Yin, H., & Archer, D. H. (2010). A solar thermal cooling and heating system for a building: Experimental and model based performance analysis and design. Solar Energy, 84(2), 166-182.
39. Trp, A., Lenic, K., &Frankovic, B. (2006). Analysis of the influence of operating conditions and geometric parameters on heat transfer in water-paraffin shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage unit. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(16), 1830-1839.
40. Trp, A., Lenic, K., &Frankovic, B. (2006). Analysis of the influence of operating conditions and geometric parameters on heat transfer in water-paraffin shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage unit. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(16), 1830-1839.
41. Dincer, I., & Dost, S. (1996). A perspective on thermal energy storage systems for solar energy applications. International Journal of Energy Research, 20(6), 547-557.
42. Shaikh, S., &Lafdi, K. (2006). Effect of multiple phase change materials (PCMs) slab configurations on thermal energy storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 47(15-16), 2103-2117.
43. Qu, M., Yin, H., & Archer, D. H. (2010). A solar thermal cooling and heating system for a building: Experimental and model based performance analysis and design. Solar Energy, 84(2), 166-182
44. Zhai, X. Q., & Wang, R. Z. (2010). Experimental investigation and performance analysis on a solar adsorption cooling system with/without heat storage. Applied Energy, 87(3), 824-835
45. Hartmann, N., Glueck, C., & Schmidt, F. P. (2011). Solar cooling for small office buildings: Comparison of solar thermal and photovoltaic options for two different European climates. Renewable Energy, 36(5), 1329-1338.
46. Enteria, N., Yoshino, H., Mochida, A., Takaki, R., Satake, A., Yoshie, R.,... & Baba, S. (2009). Construction and initial operation of the combined solar thermal and electric desiccant cooling system. Solar Energy, 83(8), 1300-1311.

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